![]() It is worth noting the near-complete absence of Ayurvedic references in these colonial journals that continued to cite Arab/Persian texts that translated Hindu findings. Of geraniums (red) and delphiniums (blue). Of delphiniums (blue) and geraniums (red)Īnd all the day long he'd a wonderful view ![]() There once was a Dormouse who lived in a bed If Al-Beruni was comparing the Bezoar to Jadwar, then a portmanteau of Bīsh– Jadwar yields another meaningful reconstruction. In these descriptions, Bish-Jadwar are viewed as polar-opposite twins growing side-by-side. ![]() NirvishiĪn Indian reader may guess that ‘Bish Mush Bisha’ is from Visha-Mushika. Speaking of Bish he says that the Hindus suppose that the only plant which can grow near it is the Jadwar, which is an antidote to it, and that they also affirm that there is a kind of rat, called ‘ Bish mush bisha,’ which lives upon Jadwar, and is an antidote to Bish this is the Buka Bish Mush of Ibn Sina. Under Jadwar, the author of the Makhzan-el-Adwiya gives Antila as the Arabic name, and Saturyus as the Greek. “ The history of this drug is beset with many difficulties, on account of the vague meaning of the term Jadwar the name by which it is generally known, and which appears properly to mean the great antidote. This colonial era work cites a 18th century Persian medical text that recounts what the Hindus knew about Jadwar: The ancient Arabs and Persians hailed a plant ( Nirvishi) found in India and China as an ‘ultimate purifier’ and antidote to Bīsh and called it Jadwar/ Zadwar, which became Zedoar/ Zedoare in Europe. ‘Hajar al-bīsh’ could be erroneously understood as ‘stone of poison’, but what is the longer Sanskrit word that yields this apocopation? English dictionaries tie the Bezoar to the Arabic/Persian source they got it from but one can just as easily trace Vishahar ( विषहर, antidote) to Bīsh-har to Bezoar, which is an epistemically stronger derivation and reveals its Indic origin. Bīsh is a corruption of the Sanskrit Visha.Ĭ.P. This name is derived from Vatsa (calf) and Nabhi (umbilicus) based on the shape of its tuber. But this orthographic error is very true, correct and noble, since it is a theriac for aconite poisoning.’īīsh (beesh) is the ancient Arabic/Persian term for Wolfsbane, i.e. Readers can skip ahead to a subtopic using the page jumps below.Īl-Beruni’s 10th-11th century description mentions the primary source of Bezoar stones as India and then China and states that “ Some through apocopationand orthographic error called it hajar al- bīsh. The content is divided into four subtopics. We find the antidote-poison pair mentioned in the most ancient Indic texts. This concluding part studies the Indian provenance and Vedic basis of toxicology and antidotes. A preliminary study reveals a trail of reductive translations of Vedic concepts like Bandhuta and subsequent digestion into European ‘pagan’ traditions and Renaissance expression. This transfer initially occurred through Arab/Persian sources and later by direct appropriation. Part-1 traced the western history of the antidote-poison pair of Bezoar & Wolfsbane, recognizing the duo as a marker of knowledge transmission from India to Europe.
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